设计模式之模版方法模式

​ 一个抽象类公开定义了执行它的方法的方式/模板。它的子类可以按需要重写方法实现，但调用将以抽象类中定义的方式进行。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。

​ 子类通常不关心全局（比如整个流程、提纲、步骤），而只负责”填空“；”填空“通过实现或重写父类的方法来实现。从父类角度，全局性的规范约束掌握在自己手中，具体来说通过模板方法来约束，从而能够尽量简化子类的复杂度。父类并不一定是抽象类，模板方法也并不一定是抽象方法。

public abstract class SchoolPerson {
    protected String name;
    protected int age;
    protected String schoolName;
    protected String hometown;

    public SchoolPerson(String name, int age, String schoolName, String hometown) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.schoolName = schoolName;
        this.hometown = hometown;
    }

    public void selfIntroduction() {
        myBasicInfo();
        myslogan();
    }

    public abstract void myBasicInfo();

    public abstract void mySlogan();
}

public class Student extends SchoolPerson {
    public Student(String name, int age, String schoolName, String hometown) {
        super(name, age, schoolName, hometown);
    }

    public void myBasicInfo() {
        System.out.println("我是一名学生，名叫" + this.name + "， 今年" + this.age + "岁， " + this.hometown + "人， 在" + this.schoolName + "上学。");
    }

    public void mySlogan() {
        System.out.println("在我在" + this.schoolName + "求学的过程中，我一定 好好学习，天天向上！");
    }
}

public class Teacher extends SchoolPerson {

    public Teacher(String name, int age, String schoolName, String hometown) {
        super(name, age, schoolName, hometown);
    }

    public void myBasicInfo() {
        System.out.println("我是一名教师，名叫" + this.name + "， 今年" + this.age + "岁， " + this.hometown + "人， 在" + this.schoolName + "教书。");
    }

    public void mySlogan() {
        System.out.println("在我在" + this.schoolName + "教学的过程中，我一定 为人师表，诲人不倦！");
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SchoolPerson student = new Student("张三", 12, "光明小学", "山东济南");
        student.selfIntroduction();

        SchoolPerson teacher = new Teacher("李四", 32, "光明小学", "山东青岛");
        teacher.selfIntroduction();
    }
}